Mark Changizi

Cognitive Scientist, Founder of VINO OPTICS & Author of "Expressly Human" & "Vision Revolution"

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Miami, FL, USA
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Mark Changizi Biography

Mark Changizi is a cognitive scientist aiming to grasp the ultimate foundations underlying why we think, feel and see as we do. His research focuses on "why" questions, and he has made important discoveries such as on why we see in color (see his TED talk on this), why we see illusions (see his TED talk on this), why we have forward-facing eyes, why the brain is structured as it is, why fingers get pruney when wet (see his TED talk on this), where emotional expressions came from, and how we acquired writing, language and music.

His discoveries are the topics of his six books, including his best-seller, "VISION REVOLUTION", translated into a dozen languages. He has held research or professor positions at University College Cork, Duke, Caltech and RPI, and is now the Director of Human Cognition at 2ai Labs, an independent research and entrepreneurial think tank. He is the founder of VINO OPTICS, which produces the world’s only vein finder glasses. He has appeared many times on TV shows like Nat Geo’s "Brain Games" and Discovery Channel’s "Head Games".

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Speaker profile last updated by AAE Talent Team on 03/07/2024.

Mark Changizi Speaking Topics

  • YOUR SUPERPOWERS OF VISION

    Mark Changizi, prominent neuroscientist and vision expert, addresses four areas of human vision and provides explanations for why we have those particular abilities, dispels commonly believed misperceptions about sight, and offers answers drawn from the field's most recent research.

    Changizi focuses on four "why" questions:

    • Why do we see in color?
    • Why do our eyes face forward?
    • Why do we see illusions?
    • Why does reading come so naturally to us?

    Why Do We See in Color? It was commonly believed that color vision evolved to help our primitive ancestors identify ripe fruit. Changizi says we should look closer to home: ourselves. Human color vision evolved to give us greater insights into the mental states and health of other people. People who can see color changes in skin have an advantage over their color-blind counterparts; they can see when people are blushing with embarrassment, purple-faced with exertion or the reddening of rashes. Changizi's research reveals that the cones in our eyes that allow us to see color are exquisitely designed exactly for seeing color changes in the skin. And it's no coincidence that the primates with color vision are the ones with bare spots on their faces and other body parts; Changizi shows that the development of color vision in higher primates closely parallels the loss of facial hair, culminating in the near hairlessness and highly developed color vision of humans.

    Why Do Our Eyes Face Forward? Forward-facing eyes set us apart from most mammals, and there is much dispute as to why we have them. While some speculate that we evolved this feature to give us depth perception available through stereo vision, this type of vision only allows us to see short distances, and we already have other mechanisms that help us to estimate distance. Changizi's research shows that with two forward-facing eyes, primates and humans have an x-ray ability. Specifically, we're able to see through the cluttered leaves of the forest environment in which we evolved. This feature helps primates see their targets in a crowded, encroached environment. To see how this works, hold a finger in front of your eyes. You'll find that you're able to look “through"" it, at what is beyond your finger. One of the most amazing feats of two forward-facing eyes? Our views aren't blocked by our noses, beaks, etc.

    Why Do We See Illusions? We evolved to see moving objects, not where they are, but where they are going to be. Without this ability, we couldn't catch a ball because the brain's ability to process visual information isn't fast enough to allow us to put our hands in the right place to intersect for a rapidly approaching baseball. “If our brains simply created a perception of the way the world was at the time light hit the eye, then by the time that perception was elicited—which takes about a tenth of a second for the brain to do—time would have marched on, and the perception would be of the recent past,"" Changizi explains. Simply put, illusions occur when our brain is tricked into thinking that a stationary two-dimensional picture has an element that is moving. Our brains project the “moving"" element into the future and, as a result, we don't see what's on the page, but what our brain thinks will be the case a fraction of a second into the future.

    Why Does Reading Come So Naturally to Us? We can read faster than we can hear, which is odd, considering that reading is relatively recent. Changizi shows that writing culturally evolved over time to look like something we’re already brilliant at recognizing: letters came to look like nature, thereby “tricking” our visual object recognition brains into becoming a reading machine, fundamentally changing what it meant to be human.

  • HARNESSED: HOW LANGUAGE AND MUSIC MIMICKED NATURE AND TRANSFORMED APE TO MAN

    The scientific consensus is that our ability to understand human speech has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years. After all, there are whole portions of the brain devoted to human speech. We learn to understand speech before we can even walk, and can seamlessly absorb enormous amounts of information simply by hearing it. Surely we evolved this capability over thousands of generations.

    Or did we? Portions of the human brain are also devoted to reading. Children learn to read at a very young age and can seamlessly absorb information even more quickly through reading than through hearing. We know that we didn't evolve to read because reading is only a few thousand years old.

    Cognitive scientist Mark Changizi demonstrates that human speech has been very specifically "designed" to harness the sounds of nature, sounds we've evolved over millions of years to readily understand. Long before humans evolved, mammals have learned to interpret the sounds of nature to understand both threats and opportunities. Our speech—regardless of language—is very clearly based on the sounds of nature.

    Even more fascinating, Changizi shows that music itself is based on natural sounds. Music—seemingly one of the most human of inventions—is literally built on sounds and patterns of sound that have existed since the beginning of time.

  • EXPRESSLY HUMAN: DECODING THE LANGUAGE OF EMOTION

    Good communication, conventional wisdom suggests, is calm, logical, rational. Emotions, we’re told, just get in the way.

    But what if this is backwards? What if those emotional overtones are the main messages we’re sending to one another, and all that logical language is just window dressing?

    Over billions of years of evolution, animals have become increasingly sophisticated and increasingly sentient. In the process, they evolved emotions, which helped improve their odds of survival in complex situations.

    These emotions were, at first, purely internal. But at some point, social animals began expressing their emotions, in increasingly dramatic ways. These emotional expressions could accurately reflect internal emotions (smiling to express happiness)—or they could be quite different (smiling to cover up that you’re actually furious, but can’t tell your boss that).

    Why did once-stone-faced animals evolve to be so emotionally expressive—to be us?

    The answer, as evolutionary neurobiologist Mark Changizi reveals, is that emotional expressions are our first and most important language—one that allows us, as social animals, to engage in highly sophisticated communications and negotiations.

    Changizi introduces an original theory that explains, from first principles, how the broad range of emotional expressions evolved, and provides a Rosetta Stone for human communication. It will revolutionize the way you see every social interaction, from deciding who gets the last slice of pizza to multimillion-dollar business negotiations, and change your definition of what makes us human.

Mark Changizi Books

  • Expressly Human
    Expressly Human
  • Harnessed: How Language and Music Mimicked Nature and Transformed Ape to Man
    Harnessed: How Language and Music Mimicked Nature and Transformed Ape to Man
  • The Vision Revolution: How the Latest Research Overturns Everything We Thought We Knew About Human Vision
    The Vision Revolution: How the Latest Research Overturns Everything We Thought We Knew About Human Vision
  • The Brain from 25,000 Feet: High Level Explorations of Brain Complexity, Perception, Induction and Vagueness (Synthese Library, 317)
    The Brain from 25,000 Feet: High Level Explorations of Brain Complexity, Perception, Induction and Vagueness (Synthese Library, 317)

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  • What topics does Mark Changizi speak about?

    Mark Changizi is a keynote speaker and industry expert whose speaking topics include Authors, Communication, Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Literary, Neuroscience, Science, Technology, TED.
  • Where does Mark Changizi travel from?

    Mark Changizi generally travels from Miami, FL, USA, but can be booked for private corporate events, personal appearances, keynote speeches, or other performances. For more details, please contact an AAE Booking agent.
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Mark Changizi is a keynote speaker and industry expert who speaks on a wide range of topics such as YOUR SUPERPOWERS OF VISION, HARNESSED: HOW LANGUAGE AND MUSIC MIMICKED NATURE AND TRANSFORMED APE TO MAN and EXPRESSLY HUMAN: DECODING THE LANGUAGE OF EMOTION. The estimated speaking fee range to book Mark Changizi for your event is $30,000 - $50,000. Mark Changizi generally travels from Miami, FL, USA and can be booked for (private) corporate events, personal appearances, keynote speeches, or other performances. Similar motivational celebrity speakers are Jon Bergmann, Dave deBronkart, Stuart Firestein, Edward Tenner and Jimmy Wales. Contact All American Speakers for ratings, reviews, videos and information on scheduling Mark Changizi for an upcoming live or virtual event.

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